10/30/2023 0 Comments Mark fews brother![]() The following year (2001–02), Few set an all-time record for NCAA Division I men’s coaches by collecting 81 wins in his first three years as a head coach. The record stood until 2010 when Brad Stevens of Butler surpassed it. This is in part because the International Space Station is not in deep space and is instead in low-Earth orbit, where it is still enveloped in our planet’s magnetic field and so is protected from the most harmful cosmic radiation.In 2017, Mark Few became the 3rd fastest coach to reach 500 wins in NCAA Division I history. (Learn more about the difference between changes in genetic sequence and changes in genetic expression.) Are there other limitations of the study?Įven though this research sheds intriguing light on the potential risks of prolonged space flight, it doesn’t quite offer clues to how astronauts will fare on a Mars mission. “Any persistent changes were very small and would need to be replicated in additional astronauts before attributing them to spaceflight, or even differences from normal variation,” says study coauthor Andy Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “If you count Mark, it’s at best n equals two.” Without studying many more test subjects, it’s impossible to know for sure whether these effects on Scott’s health are specific to his particular physiology or generally representative of most people under similar conditions. “The big caveat is that this is only an n equals one,” Basner says, referring to the shorthand scientists use to represent the number of samples or participants in a study. First of all, the entire research team emphasizes the shortcomings of this study’s extremely small sample size. Does that mean that staying in space for a year makes you sick and less smart?ĭefinitely not. “It wasn’t getting worse, but it also was not getting any better,” says study coauthor Matthias Basner of the University of Pennsylvania’s department of sleep and psychiatry. Some chromosomal inversions also persisted, Bailey says, “and so could contribute to genomic instability, which could increase risk of developing cancer.” In the months after Scott returned, researchers also noticed a persistent reduction in his cognitive skills. “We do not know the telomere length correlation and fluctuations of twins on Earth,” she writes in an email, “so there is no expectation of what might be found.” Still, this does not necessarily prove anything yet, cautions Carol Greider, a Nobel prize-winning molecular biologist who was not involved with the study. This shortening may be a concern that merits further study in other astronauts, Bailey says in an email, “because short telomeres have been associated with reduced fertility” along with dementia, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. And while most of his elongated telomeres quickly returned to typical length upon return, some became even shorter than they were pre-flight. More than 90 percent of Scott’s genes returned to normal expression levels, but some small changes persisted. Did everything go back to normal when he returned to Earth? There were also shifts in Scott’s gut microbiome that differed from those of his Earth-bound twin. Beyond these genetic effects, Scott developed thickening in his retina and in his carotid artery. Researchers also found abnormalities such as inversions and translocations in some of Scott’s chromosomes and some damage to his DNA, as well as changes in his gene expression. While aboard the ISS, Scott’s telomeres became elongated, although it’s hard to know at this stage what, if any, effects that might have. ![]() These bits of genetic material are biomarkers of aging and potential health risk, says study coauthor Susan Bailey, a health researcher at Colorado State University. One difference involves the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, known as telomeres. But based on comparisons between him and Mark, scientists did observe several small shifts. Scott’s overall health remained in good condition while he was on the ISS.
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